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更新日期:2012-06-07
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Survival Manual Guide US Army FM 21-76
Preface
It may be in a temperate, tropical, arctic, or subarctic
region. You expect to have all your personal
equipment and your unit members with you wherever
you go. However, there is no guarantee it will be so.
You could find yourself alone in a remote area—
possibly enemy territory—with little or no personal
gear. This manual provides information and describes
basic techniques that will enable you to survive and
return alive should you find yourself in such a
situation.
If you are a trainer, use this information as a base on
which to build survival training. You know the areas
to which your unit is likely to deploy, the means by
which it will travel, and the territory through which it
will travel. Read what this manual says about
survival in those particular areas and find out all you
can about those areas. Read other books on survival.
Develop a survival-training program that will enable
your to meet any survival situation they may face. It can make the difference between life
and death.
INTRODUCTION
Survival Actions
Pattern for Survival
PSYCHOLOGY OF SURVIVAL
A Look at Stress
Natural Reactions
Preparing Yourself
SURVIVAL PLANNING AND SURVIVAL KITS
Importance of Planning
Survival Kits
BASIC SURVIVAL MEDICINE
Requirements for Maintenance of Health
Medical Emergencies
Lifesaving Steps
Bone and Joint Injury
Bites and Stings
Wounds
Environmental Injuries
Herbal Medicines
SHELTERS
Primary Shelter—Uniform
Shelter Site Selection
Types of Shelters
WATER PROCUREMENT
Water Sources
Still Construction
Water Purification
Water Filtration Devices
Chapter 7 FIRECRAFT
Basic Fire Principles
Site Selection and Preparation
Fire Material Selection
How to Build a Fire
How to Light a Fire
Chapter 8 FOOD PROCUREMENT
Animals for Food
Traps and Snares
Killing Devices
Fishing Devices
Cooking and Storage of Fish and Game
SURVIVAL USE OF PLANTS
Edibility of Plants
Plants for Medicine
Miscellaneous Uses of Plants
POISONOUS PLANTS
How Plants Poison
All About Plants
Rules for Avoiding Poisonous Plants
Contact Dermatitis
Ingestion Poisoning
DANGEROUS ANIMALS
Insects and Arachnids
Leeches
Bats
Venomous Snakes
Snake-Free Areas
Dangerous Lizards
Dangers in Rivers
Dangers in Bays and Estuaries
Saltwater Dangers
Other Dangerous Sea Creatures
FIELD-EXPEDIENT WEAPONS, TOOLS, AND
EQUIPMENT
Staffs
Clubs
Edged Weapons
Other Expedient Weapons
Cordage and Lashing
Rucksack Construction
Clothing and Insulation
Cooking and Eating Utensils
DESERT SURVIVAL
Terrain
Environmental Factors
Need for Water
Heat Casualties
Precautions
Desert Hazards
TROPICAL SURVIVAL
Tropical Weather
Jungle Types
Travel Through Jungle Areas
Immediate Considerations
Water Procurement
Food
Poisonous Plants
Chapter 15 COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL
Cold Regions and Locations
Windchill
Basic Principles of Cold Weather Survival
Hygiene
Medical Aspects
Cold Injuries
Shelters
Fire
Water
Food
Travel
Weather Signs
SEA SURVIVAL
The Open Sea
Seashores
EXPEDIENT WATER CROSSINGS
Rivers and Streams
Rapids
Rafts
Flotation Devices
Other Water Obstacles